Cardinal mazarin historical significance of 911
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11 Sully, Richelieu, and Mazarin: French Strategies of Equilibrium in the Seventeenth Century
Rehman, Iskander. "11 Sully, Richelieu, and Mazarin: French Strategies of Equilibrium in the Seventeenth Century". The New Makers of Modern Strategy: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age, edited bygd Hal Brands, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2023, pp. 269-294. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691226729-014
Rehman, I. (2023). 11 Sully, Richelieu, and Mazarin: French Strategies of Equilibrium in the Seventeenth Century. In H. Brands (Ed.), The New Makers of Modern Strategy: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age (pp. 269-294). Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780691226729-014
Rehman, I. 2023. 11 Sully, Richelieu, and Mazarin: French Strategies of Equilibrium in the Seventeenth Century. In: Brands, H. ed. The New Makers of Modern Strategy: From the Ancient World to the Digital Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 269-294. https://doi
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The Struggle for Influence
Notes
See Henry Phillips, Church and Culture in Seventeenth-Century France, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997, 105. As Phillips observes in his conclusion, “the failure of the state to integrate fully Tridentine decrees in law meant that the Church started from a weak position since the Church’s influence in the secular space was thereby institutionally much reduced” (299).
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I use the word, as Roger Mettam does, in the neutral sense of the term: “The word is used here without its modern overtones of factiousness, intrigue and the pursuit of selfish aims by unscrupulous means, although such undesirable characteristics might be present on occasion. Here it is intended as a description of a social group, whose members have banded together in order to further their own best interests, and whose methods, while undoubtedly opportunist, might be perfectly legitimate and legal. It was a commonplace of French society in this
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Charles de Saint-Évremond
Charles de Saint-Évremond
Portrait of Charles de Saint-Évremond by Jacques Parmentier, circa 1701
Born (1613-04-01)1 April 1613
Saint-Denis-le-Guast, near Coutances, in Normandy, FranceDied 9 September 1703(1703-09-09) (aged 90)
London, EnglandOccupation Essayist, critic, soldier Nationality French Charles de Marguetel de Saint-Denis, seigneur de Saint-Évremond (1 April 1613 – 9 September 1703) was a French soldier, hedonist, essayist and literary critic. After 1661, he lived in exile, mainly in England, as a consequence of his attack on French policy at the time of the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659). He is buried in Poets' Corner, Westminster Abbey. He wrote for his friends and did not intend his work to be published, although a few of his pieces were leaked in his lifetime. The first full collection of his works was published in London in 1705, after his death.
Life
[edit]He was born at Saint-Den