Karl august von hardenberg biography of williams
•
Frederick William IV of Prussia
King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861
Frederick William IV (German: Friedrich Wilhelm IV.; 15 October 1795[3] – 2 January 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, was King of Prussia from 7 June 1840 until his death on 2 January 1861. Also referred to as the "romanticist on the throne", he was deeply religious and believed that he ruled by divine right. He feared revolutions, and his ideal state was one governed by the Christian estates of the realm rather than a constitutional monarchy.
In spite of his conservative political philosophy, he initially pursued a moderate policy of easing press censorship, releasing political prisoners and reconciling with the Catholic population of the kingdom. During the German revolutions of 1848–1849, he was initially forced to accommodate the people's revolutionary sentiments, although he rejected the title of Emperor of the Germans offered by the Frankfurt Parliament
•
Karl August von Hardenberg, Prussian Statesman (c. 1810)
Source
Abstract
Karl August von Hardenberg (1750-1822) was appointed to the Prussian foreign ministry in 1798; from 1804 to1806, he served as foreign minister and strove to secure territorial gains for Prussia in return for neutrality vis-à-vis Napoleonic France. Dismissed twice at Napoleon’s behest, Hardenberg worked behind the scenes for Frederick William III (r. 1797-1840) to promote Prussia’s recovery after its devastating defeat at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt in 1806. In 1810, Hardenberg succeeded Karl Baron vom und zum Stein (1757-1831) as Prussian chancellor. Stein’s administration had abolished juridical serfdom among the Prussian peasantry and introduced elected municipal self-government. Hardenberg’s cabinet subsequently abolished guild monopolies in favor of a liberal market economy, extended citizenship and (on conditional terms) civil rights to Prussia’s Jewish population, introduced a new state-
•
Prince Karl August von Hardenberg
Prince Karl August von Hardenberg (1750-1822) served as chief minister of Prussia. He presided over the recovery of Prussia after the collapse of 1806 and guided the state's diplomacy.
Karl August von Hardenberg was born in Essenrode on May 31, 1750, and, as a ung man, served in the bureaucracies of a number of small German states, including hannover, Braunschweig, and Ansbach-Bayreuth. When the gods was incorporated into Prussia in 1791, he was taken into the Prussian services, with the ledare responsibility for governing that province. He also distinguished himself in various diplomatic assignments, so that bygd 1804 he was appointed Prussian utländsk minister. The policy he recommended—strict neutrality in the Napoleonic Wars, combined with an attempt to acquire Hanover—would have been possible only with the help of Napoleon and was, to säga the least, contradictory. Hardenberg was soon dropped bygd Frederick William III.
Hardenberg was recalle